3D-printed solution developed to combat perpetual chemicals such as PFAS

A promising development is emerging in the world of water treatment. Researchers at the University of Bath have developed a new method for removing perfluorinated and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) from water. These substances, known as “perpetual chemicals”, pose a considerable challenge due to their persistence and harmful properties.

The research team led by Dr Liana Zoumpouli uses 3D-printed monoliths – ceramic-enriched lattice structures – to filter PFAS from water. The results, published in the Chemical Engineering Journal, show that at least 75% of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a common PFAS compound, can be removed from water.

The 4 cm monoliths consist of an ink enriched with indium oxide. This material effectively binds PFAS molecules. 3D printing enables the production of complex lattice structures with a large surface area, which is crucial for the efficiency of the process.

Professor Davide Mattia, co-author of the study, emphasises the relevance: “Although PFASs in drinking water are not currently strictly regulated in the UK, we expect changes in legislation soon. Water suppliers are likely to look for solutions to remove these substances.”

The simplicity of the process is remarkable: the monoliths are added to the water and remove the majority of PFAS compounds within three hours. The researchers are working on further increasing efficiency.

This development could be of great importance in view of the increasing concern about PFAS in drinking water and the environment. The chemicals, which are found in numerous everyday products such as non-stick pans and waterproof clothing, are suspected of causing health risks such as diabetes and damage to reproductive and cardiovascular systems.

The research, funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, shows the potential of 3D printing technologies in environmental engineering.